電液伺服系統具有大功率、高精度和高響應等特點，廣泛地應用于機械、汽車、船舶、航空、航天等許多領域。電液伺服閥是電液伺服系統的關鍵元件，以其精度高、響應快的特點廣泛應用于航空航天和其他領域中。

電液伺服閥按照其輸出量的不同，可分為電液壓力伺服閥、電液流量伺服閥以及電液壓力流量伺服閥(即PQ閥)。隨著我國工業技術的不斷發展，電液壓力伺服閥在航天以及一般民用施力系統中的應用日益廣泛。目前所使用的電液壓力伺服閥主要是兩級雙噴嘴擋板式電液壓力伺服閥，這類壓力閥性能雖優良，但結構復雜，制造困難，使用條件極為苛刻，對油液的污染非常敏感，故障率較高。直接驅動式電液壓力伺服閥(DirectDrivePressureServoValve)，簡稱DDPV閥，克服了這些缺點，具有體積小、重量輕、抗污染能力強、性能好等優點，主要用于飛機剎車系統、試驗加載系統，且有較廣的應用前景。

1直接驅動式電液壓力伺服閥的結構與(yu)工作原理

1.1直接驅動式(shi)電液壓力伺服閥的結構

直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)驅動(dong)式(shi)電(dian)液(ye)壓(ya)力(li)(li)伺(si)服(fu)閥(fa)由永(yong)磁(ci)差動(dong)直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)力(li)(li)馬達、圓柱式(shi)閥(fa)芯閥(fa)套組(zu)(zu)(zu)成的直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)位移滑閥(fa)、微型壓(ya)力(li)(li)傳感器和(he)(he)電(dian)子(zi)控(kong)制器組(zu)(zu)(zu)成。直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)力(li)(li)馬達由支撐彈簧(huang)、永(yong) 久磁(ci)鐵(tie)、銜鐵(tie)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件和(he)(he)控(kong)制線(xian)圈等零組(zu)(zu)(zu)件組(zu)(zu)(zu)成。直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)驅動(dong)式(shi)電(dian)液(ye)壓(ya)力(li)(li)伺(si)服(fu)閥(fa)屬于單級壓(ya)力(li)(li)伺(si)服(fu)閥(fa)，其結構如圖1所示。

1.2直接驅動(dong)式電液(ye)壓力伺服閥(fa)的工(gong)作原理

直(zhi)(zhi)驅(qu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)伺服閥(fa)的直(zhi)(zhi)線力(li)馬(ma)達(da)(da)和滑閥(fa)之間沒(mei)有噴嘴-擋(dang)板液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)放(fang)大器(qi)(qi)，是由馬(ma)達(da)(da)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)驅(qu)動滑閥(fa)閥(fa)芯工作。直(zhi)(zhi)驅(qu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)伺服閥(fa)輸(shu)出(chu)的負(fu)載壓(ya)(ya)力(li)由微型壓(ya)(ya)力(li)傳感器(qi)(qi)檢測，通(tong)過放(fang)大電(dian)(dian)路(lu)放(fang)大后反(fan)饋(kui)到電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)入(ru)端實現閉環(huan)控(kong)(kong)制。

當(dang)給直(zhi)驅式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)伺服(fu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(DDPV)輸(shu)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指令信號(hao)(hao)u為(wei)零時，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)處于零位(wei)，即閥(fa)(fa)(fa)芯位(wei)移(yi)xv=0，閥(fa)(fa)(fa)輸(shu)出壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)pL也為(wei)零。輸(shu)入某(mou)(mou)(mou)一(yi)信號(hao)(hao)u時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率級便(bian)產生(sheng)某(mou)(mou)(mou)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流i輸(shu)給馬達，馬達將(jiang)(jiang)產生(sheng)力(li)(li)(li)驅動閥(fa)(fa)(fa)芯運動，使其產生(sheng)某(mou)(mou)(mou)一(yi)位(wei)移(yi)xv。由于輸(shu)入給馬達線圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較(jiao)(jiao)大，為(wei)了減少功率損耗，常采用(yong)脈寬(kuan)調制(PWM)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。設(she)滑閥(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)油(you)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預開口為(wei)x0，則此時進油(you)邊開啟量為(wei)xv，回(hui)油(you)邊開啟量為(wei)x0-xv。液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)源輸(shu)給伺服(fu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)液(ye)一(yi)部(bu)分由進油(you)控制邊流入負載(zai)容腔，一(yi)部(bu)分由回(hui)油(you)控制邊流出，與此同時負載(zai)容腔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)將(jiang)(jiang)升(sheng)至(zhi)某(mou)(mou)(mou)一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)pL。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)感(gan)受壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)pL并轉換(huan)為(wei)反(fan)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)uf，此反(fan)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)反(fan)饋(kui)到(dao)(dao)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信號(hao)(hao)輸(shu)入端(duan)與輸(shu)入信號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)u相比較(jiao)(jiao)，比較(jiao)(jiao)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤差(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)調節閥(fa)(fa)(fa)芯位(wei)移(yi)，使閥(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)pL到(dao)(dao)達指定(ding)值。由于采用(yong)負載(zai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)反(fan)饋(kui)和(he)大驅動力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線性馬達，這(zhe)類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)伺服(fu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分辨(bian)率和(he)很小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滯環。

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